{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:09:34Z","timestamp":1783465774384,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, the possibility of using a two-color LIF (laser-induced fluorescence) approach for fuel composition and temperature measurements using nile red dissolved in n-decane\/butanol blends is investigated. The studies were conducted in a specially designed micro cell enabling the detection of the spectral LIF intensities over a wide range of temperatures (283\u2013423 K) and butanol concentrations (0\u2013100 vol.%) in mixtures with n-decane. Furthermore, absorption spectra were analyzed for these fuel mixtures. At constant temperature, the absorption and LIF signals exhibit a large spectral shift toward higher wavelengths with increasing butanol concentration. Based on this fact, a two-color detection approach is proposed that enables the determination of the butanol concentration. This is reasonable when temperature changes and evaporation effects accompanied with dye enrichment can be neglected. For n-decane, no spectral shift and broadening of the spectrum are observed for various temperatures. However, for butanol admixture, two-color thermometry is possible as long as the dye and butanol concentrations are kept constant. For example, the LIF spectrum shows a distinct broadening for B20 (i.e., 80 vol.% n-decane, 20 vol.% butanol) and a shift of the peak toward lower wavelengths of about 40 nm for temperature variations of 140 K.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20195721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T10:19:23Z","timestamp":1602238763000},"page":"5721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A Novel Approach for Measurement of Composition and Temperature of N-Decane\/Butanol Blends Using Two-Color Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Nile Red"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Koegl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Technische Thermodynamik (LTT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1631-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Pahlevani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Technische Thermodynamik (LTT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9876-7653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Zigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Technische Thermodynamik (LTT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raza, M., Chen, L., Leach, F., and Ding, S. 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