{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:57:01Z","timestamp":1769158621577,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This research was funded by F Hoffmann\u2013La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.","award":["*"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["*"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The measurement of gait characteristics during a self-administered 2-minute walk test (2MWT), in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), using a single body-worn device, has the potential to provide high-density longitudinal information on disease progression, beyond what is currently measured in the clinician-administered 2MWT. The purpose of this study is to determine the test-retest reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC) of features calculated on gait characteristics, harvested during a self-administered 2MWT in a home environment, in 51 PwMS and 11 healthy control (HC) subjects over 24 weeks, using a single waist-worn inertial sensor-based smartphone. Excellent, or good to excellent test-retest reliability were observed in 58 of the 92 temporal, spatial and spatiotemporal gait features in PwMS. However, these were less reliable for HCs. Low SEM% and MDC% values were observed for most of the distribution measures for all gait characteristics for PwMS and HCs. This study demonstrates the inter-session test-retest reliability and provides an indication of clinically important change estimates, for interpreting the outcomes of gait characteristics measured using a body-worn smartphone, during a self-administered 2MWT. This system thus provides a reliable measure of gait characteristics in PwMS, supporting its application for the longitudinal assessment of gait deficits in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20205906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T20:44:41Z","timestamp":1603140281000},"page":"5906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Gait Characteristics Harvested during a Smartphone-Based Self-Administered 2-Minute Walk Test in People with Multiple Sclerosis: Test-Retest Reliability and Minimum Detectable Change"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7111-422X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan K.","family":"Bourke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffmann\u2013La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9590-8617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alf","family":"Scotland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inovigate, Aeschenvorstadt 55, 4051 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Lipsmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffmann\u2013La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffmann\u2013La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lindemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffmann\u2013La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-013-1079-9","article-title":"Is Ms an Inflammatory or Primary Degenerative Disease?","volume":"120","author":"Losy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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