{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T17:11:58Z","timestamp":1765041118068,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hong Kong SAR government GRF grant","award":["15220617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15220617"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61827820","61535004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61827820","61535004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFB2203904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFB2203904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["YW4C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YW4C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We demonstrate a compact all-fiber oxygen sensor using photothermal interferometry with a short length (4.3 cm) of hollow-core negative curvature fibers. The hollow-core fiber has double transmission windows covering both visible and near-infrared wavelength regions. Absorption of a pump laser beam at 760 nm produces photothermal phase modulation and a probe Fabry-Perot interferometer operating at 1550 nm is used to detect the phase modulation. With wavelength modulation and first harmonic detection, a limit of detection down to 54 parts per million (ppm) with a 600-s averaging time is achieved, corresponding to a normalized equivalent absorption of 7.7 \u00d7 10\u22128 cm\u22121. The oxygen sensor has great potential for in situ detection applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T09:22:45Z","timestamp":1603790565000},"page":"6084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Oxygen Gas Sensing with Photothermal Spectroscopy in a Hollow-Core Negative Curvature Fiber"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3762-8275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingzhen","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Photonics Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China"}]},{"given":"Haihong","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Photonics Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Photonics Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China"}]},{"given":"Shoulin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China"}]},{"given":"Hoi Lut","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Photonics Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China"}]},{"given":"Shoufei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.04.143","article-title":"Absorption spectroscopy based high-speed oxygen concentration measurements at elevated gas temperatures","volume":"293","author":"Jatana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. 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