{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T03:14:56Z","timestamp":1778210096235,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of monitoring sensors is increasingly present in the context of precision agriculture. Usually, these sensor nodes (SNs) alternate their states between periods of activation and hibernation to reduce battery usage. When employing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to collect data from SNs distributed over a large agricultural area, we must synchronize the UAV route with the activation period of each SN. In this article, we address the problem of optimizing the UAV path through all the SNs to reduce its flight time, while also maximizing the SNs\u2019 lifetime. Using the concept of timeslots for time base management combined with the idea of flight prohibition list, we propose an efficient algorithm for discovering and reconfiguring the activation time of the SNs. Experimental results were obtained through the development of our own simulator\u2014UAV Simulator. These results demonstrate a considerable reduction in the distance traveled by the UAV and also in its flight time. In addition, the model provides a reduction in transmission time by SNs after reconfiguration, thus ensuring a longer lifetime for the SNs in the monitoring environment, as well as improving the freshness and continuity of the gathered data, which support the decision-making process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T09:22:45Z","timestamp":1603790565000},"page":"6098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["UAV Path Optimization for Precision Agriculture Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5793-4275","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Gilson E.","family":"Just","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PPGIa-Graduate Program in Computer Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6108-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"E. Pellenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PPGIa-Graduate Program in Computer Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7693-8052","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Luiz A. de Paula","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0232-7640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"S. Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CPGEI\/Electronics Department, Federal University of Technology\u2014Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7389-6245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Demo Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1622-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Montejo-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940577, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamed, N., Al-Jaroodi, J., Jawhar, I., and Lazarova-Molnar, S. 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