{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:26:55Z","timestamp":1776112015989,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2019M3E5D1A01068999"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2019M3E5D1A01068999"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pre-impact fall detection can detect a fall before a body segment hits the ground. When it is integrated with a protective system, it can directly prevent an injury due to hitting the ground. An impact acceleration peak magnitude is one of key measurement factors that can affect the severity of an injury. It can be used as a design parameter for wearable protective devices to prevent injuries. In our study, a novel method is proposed to predict an impact acceleration magnitude after loss of balance using a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor and a sequential-based deep learning model. Twenty-four healthy participants participated in this study for fall experiments. Each participant worn a single IMU sensor on the waist to collect tri-axial accelerometer and angular velocity data. A deep learning method, bi-directional long short-term memory (LSTM) regression, is applied to predict a fall\u2019s impact acceleration magnitude prior to fall impact (a fall in five directions). To improve prediction performance, a data augmentation technique with increment of dataset is applied. Our proposed model showed a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 6.69 \u00b1 0.33% with r value of 0.93 when all three different types of data augmentation techniques are applied. Additionally, there was a significant reduction of MAPE by 45.2% when the number of training datasets was increased by 4-fold. These results show that impact acceleration magnitude can be used as an activation parameter for fall prevention such as in a wearable airbag system by optimizing deployment process to minimize fall injury in real time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T21:21:00Z","timestamp":1604006460000},"page":"6126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Acceleration Magnitude at Impact Following Loss of Balance Can Be Estimated Using Deep Learning Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7355-3886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Hyong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahnryul","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, 24 Beomilro 579 Beongil, Gangneung, Gangwon 25601, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Mu","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunggun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joung Hwan","family":"Mun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s40846-016-0141-0","article-title":"Biomechanical Evaluation of Dynamic Balance Control Ability During Golf Swing","volume":"36","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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