{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T09:57:53Z","timestamp":1768471073370,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda&amp;#x00E7;&amp;#x00E3;o de Amparo &amp;#x00E0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&amp;#x00E3;o Paulo","award":["2015\/14836-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/14836-9"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["442196\/2017-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["442196\/2017-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Incorporating electronic tongues into microfluidic devices brings benefits as dealing with small amounts of sample\/discharge. Nonetheless, such measurements may be time-consuming in some applications once they require several operational steps. Here, we designed four collinear electrodes on a single printed circuit board, further comprised inside a straight microchannel, culminating in a robust e-tongue device for faster data acquisition. An analog multiplexing circuit automated the signal\u2019s routing from each of the four sensing units to an impedance analyzer. Both instruments and a syringe pump are controlled by dedicated software. The automated e-tongue was tested with four Brazilian brands of liquid sucralose-based sweeteners under 20 different flow rates, aiming to systematically evaluate the influence of the flow rate in the discrimination among sweet tastes sold as the same food product. All four brands were successfully distinguished using principal component analysis of the raw data, and despite the nearly identical sucralose-based taste in all samples, all brands\u2019 significant distinction is attributed to small differences in the ingredients and manufacturing processes to deliver the final food product. The increasing flow rate improves the analyte\u2019s discrimination, as the silhouette coefficient reaches a plateau at ~3 mL\/h. We used an equivalent circuit model to evaluate the raw data, finding a decrease in the double-layer capacitance proportional to improvements in the samples\u2019 discrimination. In other words, the flow rate increase mitigates the formation of the double-layer, resulting in faster stabilization and better repeatability in the sensor response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T09:29:32Z","timestamp":1604050172000},"page":"6194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Influence of the Flow Rate in an Automated Microfluidic Electronic Tongue Tested for Sucralose Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6794-5362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria L.","family":"Braunger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, \u201cGleb Wataghin\u201d Institute of Physics (IFGW), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas SP 13083-859, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Fier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantum Design Latin America, Campinas SP 13080-655, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4833-9893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio M.","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, \u201cGleb Wataghin\u201d Institute of Physics (IFGW), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas SP 13083-859, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Anerise","family":"de Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry (IQ), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas SP 13083-970, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0073-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varlei","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, \u201cGleb Wataghin\u201d Institute of Physics (IFGW), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas SP 13083-859, Brazil"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Antonio","family":"Riul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, \u201cGleb Wataghin\u201d Institute of Physics (IFGW), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas SP 13083-859, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0928-4931(96)00134-8","article-title":"Taste sensor with global selectivity","volume":"4","author":"Toko","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mater. 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