{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T09:35:57Z","timestamp":1776504957903,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-106231RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-106231RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["777222 - ATTRACT CALL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["777222 - ATTRACT CALL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007680","name":"Public University of Navarra","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJUPNA26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJUPNA26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A comprehensive review of optical biosensors for the detection of biomarkers associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is presented here, including microRNAs (miRNAs), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and histidine, which are biomarkers that enable RA detection and\/or monitoring. An overview of the different optical biosensors (based on fluorescence, plasmon resonances, interferometry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) among other optical techniques) used to detect these biomarkers is given, describing their performance and main characteristics (limit of detection (LOD) and dynamic range), as well as the connection between the respective biomarker and rheumatoid arthritis. It has been observed that the relationship between the corresponding biomarker and rheumatoid arthritis tends to be obviated most of the time when explaining the mechanism of the optical biosensor, which forces the researcher to look for further information about the biomarker. This review work attempts to establish a clear association between optical sensors and rheumatoid arthritis biomarkers as well as to be an easy-to-use tool for the researchers working in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:37Z","timestamp":1604534437000},"page":"6289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Optical Biosensors for the Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0606-406X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Javier","family":"Imas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6601-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Ruiz Zamarre\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Zubiate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4087-0636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Sanchez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Making Genetics S.L., Plaza CEIN 5, 31110 No\u00e1in, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Campi\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Making Genetics S.L., Plaza CEIN 5, 31110 No\u00e1in, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio Ra\u00fal","family":"Mat\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Duarte-Garcia, A., and reviewed by American Collegue of Rheumatology (2020, October 20). 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