{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:22:47Z","timestamp":1760239367104,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014132","name":"EMPIR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16ENG04 MyRailS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16ENG04 MyRailS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current standard EN 50463-2 indicates the tests and the requirements to be satisfied for an energy measurement system of a traction unit for railway applications. Some of these tests are to be done with several harmonics superposed on the rated voltage, respectively current. However, no calibration systems satisfying the standard requirements were available few years ago. The work performed in the EURAMET project \u201cMyRailS\u201d leads to the development of fictive power sources and reference measurement systems described in this paper. Therefore, it is possible to generate distorted 25 kV-50 Hz voltages with harmonics up to 5 kHz and 90\u00b0 phase-fired currents up to 500 A with harmonics up to 5 kHz. The generated power is measured by developed traceable reference systems with accuracy better than 0.5%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T19:38:41Z","timestamp":1604605121000},"page":"6301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Laboratory Calibration of Energy Measurement Systems (EMS) under AC Distorted Waveforms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2825-1317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Istrate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Metrology Department, LNE, 78197 Trappes CEDEX, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abderrahim","family":"Khamlichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FFII-LCOE, Eric Kandel Street 1, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soureche","family":"Soccalingame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Metrology Department, LNE, 78197 Trappes CEDEX, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2648-1546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Rovira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FFII-LCOE, Eric Kandel Street 1, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Fortune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Metrology Department, LNE, 78197 Trappes CEDEX, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Metrology of Electrical Quantities, Czech Metrology Institute, Okru\u017en\u00ed 772\/31, 638 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascual","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FFII-LCOE, Eric Kandel Street 1, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Garnacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FFII-LCOE, Eric Kandel Street 1, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Parliament and Council (2008). DIRECTIVE 2008\/57\/EC on the interoperability of the rail system within the Communit. Off. J. UE, L191, 1\u201345."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Commission Regulation (EU) (2014). No 1301\/2014 of 18 November 2014 on the technical specifications for interoperability relating to the \u2018energy\u2019 subsystem of the rail system in the Union. Off. J. UE, L356, 179\u2013227."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Commission Regulation (EU) (2014). No 1302\/2014 of 18 November 2014 concerning a technical specification for interoperability relating to the \u2018rolling stock\u2014locomotives and passenger rolling stock\u2019 subsystem of the rail system in the European Union. Off. J. UE, L356, 228\u2013393."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2020, August 25). EN 50463-2 Railway Applications\u2014Energy Measurement on Board Trains\u2014Part 2: Energy Measuring. 2018. 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Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/CPEM.2018.8500811"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garnacho, F., Rovira, J., Khamlichi, A., Sim\u00f3n, P., Garc\u00eda, T., and Istrate, D. (2020, January 26\u201329). Calibration set-up for energy measuring systems installed in AC railway systems. Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Gijon, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC49601.2020.9330912"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Istrate, D., and Fortune, D. (2019, January 24\u201326). Fictive power source for calibrations in railway systems. Proceedings of the 19e Congr\u00e8s International de M\u00e9trologie, CIM, Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1051\/metrology\/201908001"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Garnacho, F., Rovira, J., Khamlichi, A., Sim\u00f3n, P., and Garrido, I. (2020, January 23\u201325). 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Evaluation of Measurement Data\u2014Supplement 1 to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement\u2014Propagation of Distributions Using a Monte Carlo Method, Bureau International des Poids et Measures."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/21\/6301\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:29:56Z","timestamp":1760178596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/21\/6301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["s20216301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20216301","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]}}}