{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:55:49Z","timestamp":1781016949562,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["759159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["759159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-10-LABX-57"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-57"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing recognition of minimally invasive thermal treatment of tumors motivate the development of accurate thermometry approaches for guaranteeing the therapeutic efficacy and safety. Magnetic Resonance Thermometry Imaging (MRTI) is nowadays considered the gold-standard in thermometry for tumor thermal therapy, and assessment of its performances is required for clinical applications. This study evaluates the accuracy of fast MRTI on a synthetic phantom, using dense ultra-short Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) array, as a reference. Fast MRTI is achieved with a multi-slice gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GRE-EPI) sequence, allowing monitoring the temperature increase induced with a 980 nm laser source. The temperature distributions measured with 1 mm-spatial resolution with both FBGs and MRTI were compared. The root mean squared error (RMSE) value obtained by comparing temperature profiles showed a maximum error of 1.2 \u00b0C. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean of difference of 0.1 \u00b0C and limits of agreement 1.5\/\u22121.3 \u00b0C. FBG sensors allowed to extensively assess the performances of the GRE-EPI sequence, in addition to the information on the MRTI precision estimated by considering the signal-to-noise ratio of the images (0.4 \u00b0C). Overall, the results obtained for the GRE-EPI fully satisfy the accuracy (~2 \u00b0C) required for proper temperature monitoring during thermal therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20226468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T10:00:32Z","timestamp":1605175232000},"page":"6468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Performance Evaluation of Fast Magnetic Resonance Thermometry on Synthetic Phantom"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1778-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"De Landro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, via Giuseppe La Masa 1, 20156 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Ianniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7090-2208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Yon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Liryc Institut de Rythmologie et Mod\u00e9lisation Cardiaque, Avenue du Haut L\u00e9v\u00eaque, 33600 Pessac, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5176-122X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Fiber Optics, Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS, 1 Acad. Koptyug Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Quesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Liryc Institut de Rythmologie et Mod\u00e9lisation Cardiaque, Avenue du Haut L\u00e9v\u00eaque, 33600 Pessac, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9696-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Schena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4236-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Saccomandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, via Giuseppe La Masa 1, 20156 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.2.1740323","article-title":"Thermal Ablation Therapy for Focal Malignancy","volume":"174","author":"Goldberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. 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