{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T19:34:05Z","timestamp":1769283245521,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":242,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is considered a public health emergency of international concern. The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused this pandemic has spread rapidly to over 200 countries, and has drastically affected public health and the economies of states at unprecedented levels. In this context, efforts around the world are focusing on solving this problem in several directions of research, by: (i) exploring the origin and evolution of the phylogeny of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome; (ii) developing nanobiosensors that could be highly effective in detecting the new coronavirus; (iii) finding effective treatments for COVID-19; and (iv) working on vaccine development. In this paper, an overview of the progress made in the development of nanobiosensors for the detection of human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is presented, along with specific techniques for modifying the surface of nanobiosensors. The newest detection methods of the influenza virus responsible for acute respiratory syndrome were compared with conventional methods, highlighting the newest trends in diagnostics, applications, and challenges of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 causative virus) nanobiosensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20226591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T07:41:00Z","timestamp":1605685260000},"page":"6591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Nanobiosensors for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV and Other Pandemic\/Epidemic Respiratory Viruses: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Badriyah","family":"Alhalaili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2042-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ileana Nicoleta","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Engineering and Mechanics, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia Street, 130004 Targoviste, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olfa","family":"Kamoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics of Semiconductor Devices Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feras","family":"Alzubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Alawadhia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3323-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruxandra","family":"Vidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5268","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c02439","article-title":"Dual-functional plasmonic photothermal biosensors for highly accurate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection","volume":"14","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7783","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c04421","article-title":"Opportunities and challenges for biosensors and nanoscale analytical tools for pandemics: Covid-19","volume":"14","author":"Bhalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112214","article-title":"Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection","volume":"159","author":"Cesewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. 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