{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:05:53Z","timestamp":1787029553297,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NASCERE","award":["Granch Berhe Tseghai-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Granch Berhe Tseghai-2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last three decades, the development of new kinds of textiles, so-called smart and interactive textiles, has continued unabated. Smart textile materials and their applications are set to drastically boom as the demand for these textiles has been increasing by the emergence of new fibers, new fabrics, and innovative processing technologies. Moreover, people are eagerly demanding washable, flexible, lightweight, and robust e-textiles. These features depend on the properties of the starting material, the post-treatment, and the integration techniques. In this work, a comprehensive review has been conducted on the integration techniques of conductive materials in and onto a textile structure. The review showed that an e-textile can be developed by applying a conductive component on the surface of a textile substrate via plating, printing, coating, and other surface techniques, or by producing a textile substrate from metals and inherently conductive polymers via the creation of fibers and construction of yarns and fabrics with these. In addition, conductive filament fibers or yarns can be also integrated into conventional textile substrates during the fabrication like braiding, weaving, and knitting or as a post-fabrication of the textile fabric via embroidering. Additionally, layer-by-layer 3D printing of the entire smart textile components is possible, and the concept of 4D could play a significant role in advancing the status of smart textiles to a new level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20236910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T11:15:43Z","timestamp":1606994143000},"page":"6910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Integration of Conductive Materials with Textile Structures, an Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2167-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Granch Berhe","family":"Tseghai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378 Jimma, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, 6000 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8383-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benny","family":"Malengier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2029-8214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinde Anlay","family":"Fante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378 Jimma, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4597-1615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abreha Bayrau","family":"Nigusse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, 6000 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieva","family":"Van Langenhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseghai, G., Malengier, B., Fante, K.A., and Van Langenhove, L. (2020). 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