{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T13:23:01Z","timestamp":1771507381829,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human Activity Recognition (HAR) using embedded sensors in smartphones and smartwatch has gained popularity in extensive applications in health care monitoring of elderly people, security purpose, robotics, monitoring employees in the industry, and others. However, human behavior analysis using the accelerometer and gyroscope data are typically grounded on supervised classification techniques, where models are showing sub-optimal performance for qualitative and quantitative features. Considering this factor, this paper proposes an efficient and reduce dimension feature extraction model for human activity recognition. In this feature extraction technique, the Enveloped Power Spectrum (EPS) is used for extracting impulse components of the signal using frequency domain analysis which is more robust and noise insensitive. The Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is used as dimensionality reduction procedure to extract the minimum number of discriminant features from envelop spectrum for human activity recognition (HAR). The extracted features are used for human activity recognition using Multi-class Support Vector Machine (MCSVM). The proposed model was evaluated by using two benchmark datasets, i.e., the UCI-HAR and DU-MD datasets. This model is compared with other state-of-the-art methods and the model is outperformed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20236990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T21:37:42Z","timestamp":1607377062000},"page":"6990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["A Robust Feature Extraction Model for Human Activity Characterization Using 3-Axis Accelerometer and Gyroscope Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0431-3445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasel","family":"Ahmed Bhuiyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Uttara University, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh"}]},{"given":"Nadeem","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Higher Studies and Research, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2292-5798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md","family":"Amiruzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aeronautics and Engineering, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8676-6338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Rashedul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.03.056","article-title":"Deep learning algorithms for human activity recognition using mobile and wearable sensor networks: State of the art and research challenges","volume":"105","author":"Nweke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Syst. 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