{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T09:20:35Z","timestamp":1778664035445,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31170668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31170668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61701240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61701240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a novel broadband monopole antenna that was equipped with a bottom semicircle ground structure, a parasitic patch, a T-shaped slot, s transmission line, a parasitic strip, heart-shaped slices and a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The simulation results revealed that the proposed design had a relatively high return loss, a wide bandwidth and high efficiency. A prototype of the proposed antenna with an overall size of 0.94 \u03bb0 \u00d7 0.94 \u03bb0 \u00d7 0.02 \u03bb0 (\u03bb0 is the free-space wavelength) was fabricated and measured. The measurement results showed that the prototype had a bandwidth of 4.02 GHz (4.69\u20138.71 GHz) and a relative bandwidth of 60%. Besides, the maximum gain was 3.31 dBi and the maximum efficiency was 91.1% in the range of 5 to 8.5 GHz. Furthermore, it was found that the prototype almost achieved omnidirectional radiation. Its operating frequency band covered those of industrial scientific medical (ISM) (5.725\u20135.850 GHz), the radio frequency identification (RFID) (5.8 GHz) and the wireless local area network (WLAN) (5.15\u20135.25 GHz and 5.725\u20135.825 GHz).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20247002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T21:37:42Z","timestamp":1607377062000},"page":"7002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Novel Broadband Monopole Antenna with T-Slot, CB-CPW, Parasitic Stripe and Heart-Shaped Slice for 5G Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zhendong","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"},{"name":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9859-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shifei","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5889-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunxian","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2954094","article-title":"Flight Delay Prediction Based on Aviation Big Data and Machine Learning","volume":"69","author":"Gui","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2014.2303574","article-title":"A Printed Dual-Antenna System Operating in the GSM1800\/GSM1900\/UMTS\/LTE2300\/LTE2500\/ 2.4-GHz WLAN Bands for Mobile Terminals","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2013.2244837","article-title":"A Novel Broadband Planar Antenna for 2G\/3G\/LTE Base Stations","volume":"61","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7395","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2869254","article-title":"Compact Wideband CPW-Fed Meandered-Slot Antenna with Slotted Y-Shaped Central Element for Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and 5G Applications","volume":"66","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2971486","article-title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Based Index Modulation: A New Beyond MIMO Paradigm for 6G","volume":"68","author":"Basar","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2019.2895618","article-title":"Broadband CPW-Fed Aperture Coupled Metasurface Antenna","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propagat. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2019.2940160","article-title":"A Broadband P-Shaped Circularly Polarized Monopole Antenna with a Single Parasitic Strip","volume":"18","author":"Alsariera","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propagat. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2810338","article-title":"A Broadband Horizontally Polarized Omnidirectional Antenna for VHF Application","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2019.2917909","article-title":"Broadband and High-Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna Loaded with Parasitic Mushroom-Type Structure","volume":"18","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2019.2963209","article-title":"Design of Miniaturized Antenna Using Corrugated Microstrip","volume":"68","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2018.2834484","article-title":"Miniaturized Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Quadruple Inverted-F Antenna for GPS Applications","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propagat. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2018.2789430","article-title":"A Compact Broadband Cross-Shaped Circularly Polarized Planar Monopole Antenna with a Ground Plane Extension","volume":"17","author":"Gyasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2009.0387","article-title":"Broadband microstrip antenna with U and T slots for 2.45\/2.41 GHz RFID tag","volume":"45","author":"Tang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2013.2287523","article-title":"Dual-Band\/Tri-Band\/Broadband CPW-Fed Stepped-Impedance Slot Dipole Antennas","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2016.2613875","article-title":"Bandwidth Enhancement of a Horizontally Polarized Omnidirectional Antenna by Adding Parasitic Strips","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propagat. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2016.2598276","article-title":"Folded Strip\/Slot Antenna with Extended Bandwidth for WLAN Application","volume":"16","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propagat. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2019.2906119","article-title":"Broadband SIW Cavity-Backed Modified Dumbbell-Shaped Slot Antenna","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propagat. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11624","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2794962","article-title":"Microstrip Patch Antennas with Multiple Parasitic Patches and Shorting Vias for Bandwidth Enhancement","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2014.2307005","article-title":"Compact Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna for IEEE 802.11a WLAN Application","volume":"13","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propagat. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2010.2042563","article-title":"A Dual Band CMOS Receiver with Hybrid Down Conversion Mixer for IEEE 802.11a\/b\/g\/n WLAN Applications","volume":"20","author":"Han","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2011.0299","article-title":"Planar compact triple-band monopole antenna for IEEE 802.16 m worldwide interoperability for microwave access system","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"IET Microw. Antennas Propagat."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2009.0042","article-title":"Coverage probability analysis of IEEE 802.16 system with smart antenna system over stanford university interim fading channels","volume":"4","author":"Jeng","year":"2010","journal-title":"IET Commun."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2012.1139","article-title":"Wideband directional elliptic coupler based on CB-CPW technology","volume":"48","author":"Kilani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2017.2726545","article-title":"CPW-Fed Dual-Band Dual-Sense Circularly Polarized Monopole Antenna","volume":"16","author":"Saini","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propagat. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2017.2728124","article-title":"A Broadband Circularly Polarized Printed Monopole Antenna with Parasitic Strips","volume":"16","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propagat. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2012.2186247","article-title":"Wideband Printed MIMO\/Diversity Monopole Antenna for WiFi\/WiMAX Applications","volume":"60","author":"See","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2014.2387871","article-title":"Miniaturized Double-Layer EBG Structures for Broadband Mutual Coupling Reduction between UWB Monopoles","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42877","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2977616","article-title":"Broadband Antenna Design with Integrated CB-CPW and Parasitic Patch Structure for WLAN, RFID, Wimax, and 5G Applications","volume":"8","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2017.0894","article-title":"Wideband printed monopole antenna for application in wireless communication systems","volume":"12","author":"Alibakhshikenari","year":"2018","journal-title":"IET Microw. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2009.2024586","article-title":"CPW-Fed Stair-Shaped Slot Antennas with Circular Polarization","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2003.812232","article-title":"A broad-band CPW-fed strip-loaded square slot antenna","volume":"51","author":"Sze","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2014.2339371","article-title":"Compact Wideband Open-End Slot Antenna with Inherent Matching","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propagat. Lett."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/24\/7002\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:42:08Z","timestamp":1760179328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/24\/7002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["s20247002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20247002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]}}}