{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:59:43Z","timestamp":1777669183917,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission in Europe and MCTIC \/ RNP in Brazil","award":["EUB-02-2017 IoT Pilots"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EUB-02-2017 IoT Pilots"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the concept of Agriculture 4.0 has emerged as an evolution of precision agriculture (PA) through the diffusion of the Internet of things (IoT). There is a perception that the PA adoption is occurring at a slower pace than expected. Little research has been carried out about Agriculture 4.0, as well as to farmer behavior and operations management. This work explores what drives the adoption of PA in the Agriculture 4.0 context, focusing on farmer behavior and operations management. As a result of a multimethod approach, the factors explaining the PA adoption in the Agriculture 4.0 context and a model of irrigation operations management are proposed. Six simulation scenarios are performed to study the relationships among the factors involved in irrigation planning. Empirical findings contribute to a better understanding of what Agriculture 4.0 is and to expand the possibilities of IoT in the PA domain. This work also contributes to the discussion on Agriculture 4.0, thanks to multidisciplinary research bringing together the different perspectives of PA, IoT and operations management. Moreover, this research highlights the key role of IoT, considering the farmer\u2019s possible choice to adopt several IoT sensing technologies for data collection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20247091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]],"date-time":"2020-12-13T23:39:36Z","timestamp":1607902776000},"page":"7091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Exploring the Adoption of Precision Agriculture for Irrigation in the Context of Agriculture 4.0: The Key Role of Internet of Things"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Monteleone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business Administration, Centro Universit\u00e1rio FEI, S\u00e3o Paulo 01525-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmilson Alves de","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business Administration, Centro Universit\u00e1rio FEI, S\u00e3o Paulo 01525-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4680-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenno","family":"Tondato de Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Centro Universit\u00e1rio FEI, S\u00e3o Bernardo do Campo 09850-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5100-7443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Plinio Thomaz","family":"Aquino Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Centro Universit\u00e1rio FEI, S\u00e3o Bernardo do Campo 09850-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Filev","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Hanwood 2680, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Torre","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), S\u00e3o Carlos 13560-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5477-0623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attilio","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guill\u00e9n-Navarro, M.\u00c1., Pere\u00f1\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda, F., and Mart\u00ednez-Espa\u00f1a, R. 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