{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T10:29:59Z","timestamp":1781519399926,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["PID2019-104818RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-104818RB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dementia is a syndrome that is characterised by the decline of different cognitive abilities. A high rate of deaths and high cost for detection, treatments, and patients care count amongst its consequences. Although there is no cure for dementia, a timely diagnosis helps in obtaining necessary support, appropriate medication, and maintenance, as far as possible, of engagement in intellectual, social, and physical activities. The early detection of Alzheimer Disease (AD) is considered to be of high importance for improving the quality of life of patients and their families. In particular, Virtual Reality (VR) is an expanding tool that can be used in order to assess cognitive abilities while navigating through a Virtual Environment (VE). The paper summarises common AD screening and diagnosis techniques focusing on the latest approaches that are based on Virtual Environments, behaviour analysis, and emotions recognition, aiming to provide more reliable and non-invasive diagnostics at home or in a clinical environment. Furthermore, different AD diagnosis evaluation methods and metrics are presented and discussed together with an overview of the different datasets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20247292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T01:01:08Z","timestamp":1608512468000},"page":"7292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["A Survey of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Early Diagnosis Methods for Cognitive Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Montenegro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Networks and Digital Media, Kingston University, London KT1 2EE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Villarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Westminster, London W1W 7BY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastassia","family":"Angelopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Westminster, London W1W 7BY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0617-2183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Epaminondas","family":"Kapetanios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Westminster, London W1W 7BY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7798-3055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Garcia-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing Research, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Argyriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Networks and Digital Media, Kingston University, London KT1 2EE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Prince, M., Knapp, M., Guerchet, M., McCrone, P., Prina, M., Comas-Herrera, A., Wittenberg, R., Adelaja, B., Hu, B., and King, D. 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