{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:00:35Z","timestamp":1773252035549,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009713","name":"Foundation for Physical Therapy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PODS I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PODS I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 P2CHD10191201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 P2CHD10191201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Perinatal stroke (PS), occurring between 20 weeks of gestation and 28 days of life, is a leading cause of hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). Hallmarks of HCP are motor and sensory impairments on one side of the body\u2014especially the arm and hand contralateral to the stroke (involved side). HCP is diagnosed months or years after the original brain injury. One effective early intervention for this population is constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), where the uninvolved arm is constrained by a mitt or cast, and therapeutic activities are performed with the involved arm. In this preliminary investigation, we used 3D motion capture to measure the spatiotemporal characteristics of pre-reaching upper extremity movements and any changes that occurred when constraint was applied in a real-time laboratory simulation. Participants were N = 14 full-term infants: N = six infants with typical development; and N = eight infants with PS (N = three infants with PS were later diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP)) followed longitudinally from 2 to 6 months of age. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using 3D motion capture to identify the differences in the spatiotemporal characteristics of the pre-reaching upper extremity movements between the diagnosis group, involved versus uninvolved side, and with versus and without constraint applied in real time. This would be an excellent application of wearable sensors, allowing some of these measurements to be taken in a clinical or home setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20247312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T01:01:08Z","timestamp":1608512468000},"page":"7312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["3D Motion Capture May Detect Spatiotemporal Changes in Pre-Reaching Upper Extremity Movements with and without a Real-Time Constraint Condition in Infants with Perinatal Stroke and Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9997-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Mazzarella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 453 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampa Bay Rays, 1 Tropicana Dr., St. Petersburg, FL 33705, USA"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Richie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 453 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}]},{"given":"Ajit M. W.","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 453 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, 453 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, 453 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Buford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 453 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}]},{"given":"Xueliang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}]},{"given":"Jill C.","family":"Heathcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 453 W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30173-1","article-title":"Review Perinatal stroke: Mechanisms, management, and outcomes of early cerebrovascular brain injury","volume":"2","author":"Dunbar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. 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