{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:34:16Z","timestamp":1775561656117,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autonomous vehicles are at the forefront of interest due to the expectations of changing transportation for the better. In order to make better decisions on the road, vehicles use information from various sources: their own sensors, messages arriving from surrounding vehicles and objects, as well as from centralized entities\u2014including their own Digital Twin. Certain decisions require the information to arrive with low latency and some of this information (such as video) requires broadband communication. Furthermore, the vehicles can populate an area, so they can represent mass communication endpoints that still need low latency and massive broadband. The mobility of the vehicles obviously requires the complete coverage of the roads with reliable wireless communication technologies fulfilling the previously mentioned needs. The fifth generation of cellular mobile technologies, 5G, addresses these requirements. The current paper presents real-life scenarios\u2014on the M86 highway and the ZalaZONE proving ground in Hungary\u2014for the demonstration of vehicular communication with 5G support, where the cars exchange sensor and control information with each other, their environment, and their Digital Twins. The demonstrations were carried out through the Scenario-in-the-Loop (SciL) methodology, where some of the actionable triggers were not physically present around the vehicles, but sensed or simulated around their Digital Twin. The measurements around the demonstrations aim to reveal the feasibility of the 5G Non-Standalone Architecture for certain communication scenarios, and they mainly aim to reveal the current latency and throughput limitations under real-life conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20247344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T09:41:41Z","timestamp":1608543701000},"page":"7344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["5G-Enabled Autonomous Driving Demonstration with a V2X Scenario-in-the-Loop Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6172-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsolt","family":"Szalay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automotive Technologies, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 6, Stoczek utca, 1111 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"ZalaZONE Automotive Proving Ground, 1, ZalaZONE t\u00e9r, 8900 Zalaegerszeg, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00e1niel","family":"Ficzere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2, Magyar Tudosok krt., 1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Tihanyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automotive Technologies, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 6, Stoczek utca, 1111 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"ZalaZONE Automotive Proving Ground, 1, ZalaZONE t\u00e9r, 8900 Zalaegerszeg, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferenc","family":"Magyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ericcson Hungary, 11, Magyar Tudosok krt., 1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"So\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2, Magyar Tudosok krt., 1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8475-3610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e1l","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2, Magyar Tudosok krt., 1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Feddes, G., and Kuipers, J. 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