{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T06:45:49Z","timestamp":1782801949891,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["643706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["643706"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["825785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825785"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Freezing of Gait (FoG) is a common symptom in Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) occurring with significant variability and severity and is associated with increased risk of falls. FoG detection in everyday life is not trivial, particularly in patients manifesting the symptom only in specific conditions. Various wearable devices have been proposed to detect PD symptoms, primarily based on inertial sensors. We here report the results of the validation of a novel system based on a pair of pressure insoles equipped with a 3D accelerometer to detect FoG episodes. Twenty PD patients attended a motor assessment protocol organized into eight multiple video recorded sessions, both in clinical and ecological settings and both in the ON and OFF state. We compared the FoG episodes detected using the processed data gathered from the insoles with those tagged by a clinician on video recordings. The algorithm correctly detected 90% of the episodes. The false positive rate was 6% and the false negative rate 4%. The algorithm reliably detects freezing of gait in clinical settings while performing ecological tasks. This result is promising for freezing of gait detection in everyday life via wearable instrumented insoles that can be integrated into a more complex system for comprehensive motor symptom monitoring in PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T10:33:56Z","timestamp":1609151636000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Foot Pressure Wearable Sensors for Freezing of Gait Detection in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0869-6175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Marcante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Recupero e Riabilitazione Funzionale, Ospedale di Lonigo, Azienda ULSS 8 Berica, 36045 Lonigo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3644-352X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6393-2655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo IRCCS, 30126 Venezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3272-1094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clelia","family":"Pellicano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Belcolle Hospital, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4315-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Assogna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8693-8432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco Ernesto","family":"Pontieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7432-4249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Spalletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1602-2397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Macchiusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3006-1587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitris","family":"Gatsios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Av., University Campus, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Av., University Campus, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7787-9979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Giannakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Av., University Campus, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0537-3714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Chondrogiorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Av., University Campus, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5217-1317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spyridon","family":"Konitsiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Av., University Campus, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7362-5082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios I.","family":"Fotiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science, Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, University of Ioannina, Stavrou Niarchou Av., University Campus, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1040-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Antonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp043908","article-title":"Diagnosis and initial management of Parkinon\u2019s disease","volume":"353","author":"Nutt","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. 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