{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:44:08Z","timestamp":1760233448232,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]],"date-time":"2021-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61871062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61871062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["KJQN201900609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN201900609"]}]},{"name":"the Program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing","award":["CXTDX201601020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXTDX201601020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>How to support massive access efficiently is one of the challenges in the future Internet of Things (IoT) systems. To address such challenge, this paper proposes an effective preamble collision resolution scheme to sustain massive random access (RA) for an IoT system. Specifically, a new sub-preamble structure is first proposed to reduce the preamble collision probability. To identify different devices that send the same preamble to the gNB on the same physical random access channel (PRACH), a multiple timing advance (TA) capturing scheme is then proposed. Thereafter, an RA scheme is designed to sustain massive access and the performance of the scheme is studied analytically. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed RA scheme is validated by extensive simulation experiments in terms of preamble detection probability, preamble collision probability, RA success probability, resource efficiency and TA capturing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T19:54:46Z","timestamp":1609703686000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Preamble Design and Collision Resolution in a Massive Access IoT System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0290-0585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ailing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Communication and Networks, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ubiquitous Sensing and Networking, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5810-541X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhidu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Communication and Networks, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ubiquitous Sensing and Networking, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3109-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Communication and Networks, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ubiquitous Sensing and Networking, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8760-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1520-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boren","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering and Communication, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2951818","article-title":"A Survey on Security Aspects for 3GPP 5G Networks","volume":"22","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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