{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T04:19:07Z","timestamp":1781410747658,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China \uff0c the National Key Research and Development Project of China , Hebei Science and Technology Agency Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Funding Project, and the Natural Science Foun","award":["(Grant Nos. 61733001&U1913211 ), (Grant No.2017YFB1303701), (Grant No. 20180603), (Grant No. F2018202210)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(Grant Nos. 61733001&U1913211 ), (Grant No.2017YFB1303701), (Grant No. 20180603), (Grant No. F2018202210)."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Owing to insufficient illumination of the space station, the image information collected by the intelligent robot will be degraded, and it will not be able to accurately identify the tools required for the robot\u2019s on-orbit maintenance. This situation increases the difficulty of the robot\u2019s maintenance in a low-illumination environment. We proposes a novel enhancement method for images under low-illumination, namely, a deep learning algorithm based on the combination of deep convolutional and Wasserstein generative adversarial networks (DC-WGAN) in CIELAB color space. The original low-illuminance image is converted from the RGB space to the CIELAB color space which is relatively close to human vision, to accurately estimate the illumination image, and effectively reduce the effect of uneven illumination. DC-WGAN is applied to enhance the brightness component by increasing the width of the generation network to obtain more image features. Subsequently, the LAB is converted into RGB space to obtain the final enhanced image. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified by experiments on low-illuminance image under general, special, and actual conditions and comparing the experimental results with four commonly used algorithms. This study lays a technical foundation for robot target recognition and on-orbit maintenance in a space environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T08:35:19Z","timestamp":1609749319000},"page":"286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Low-Illumination Image Enhancement in the Space Environment Based on the DC-WGAN Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Minglu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100811, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ce","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"21~(st) century foreign deep space exploration development plans and their progress","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spacecr. 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