{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T19:10:46Z","timestamp":1761419446461,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Information &amp; Communications Technology Planning &amp; Evaluation","award":["2018-0-00711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-0-00711"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1D1A1B03031357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A1B03031357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is a key component to generate high-speed clock of mixed-mode circuits and local oscillation signals of the frequency conversion in wired and wireless application systems. In particular, the recent evolution of new high-speed wireless systems in the millimeter-wave frequency band calls for the implementation of the VCO with high oscillation frequency and low close-in phase noise. The effect of the flicker noise on the phase noise of the VCO should be minimized because the flicker noise dramatically increases as the deep-submicron complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process is scaled down, and the flicker corner frequency also increases, up to several MHz, in the up-to-date CMOS process. The flicker noise induced by the current source is a major factor affecting the phase noise of the VCO. Switched-biasing techniques have been proposed to minimize the effect of the flicker noise at the output of the VCO with biasing AC-coupled signals at the current source of the VCO. Reviewing the advantages and disadvantages reported in the previous studies, it is analyzed which topology to implement the switched-biasing technique is advantageous for improving the performance of the CMOS VCOs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T21:18:57Z","timestamp":1609881537000},"page":"316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Switched-Biasing Techniques for CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillator"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9692-8924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheol-Woo","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hyunwon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4939-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Ryul","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jann, B., Chance, G., Roy, A.G., Balakrishnan, A., Karandikar, N., Brown, T., Li, X., Davis, B., Ceballos, J.L., and Tanzi, N. 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