{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:44:43Z","timestamp":1760233483978,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union and was co-financed by the European Social Fund","award":["EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, liquid egg, albumen, and egg yolk were artificially inoculated with E. coli. Ultrasound equipment (20\/40 kHz, 180\/300 W; 30\/45\/60 min) with a circulation cooling system was used to lower the colony forming units (CFU) of E. coli samples. Frequency, absorbed power, energy dose, and duration of sonication showed a significant impact on E. coli with 0.5 log CFU\/mL in albumen, 0.7 log CFU\/mL in yolk and 0.5 log CFU\/mL decrease at 40 kHz and 6.9 W absorbed power level. Significant linear correlation (p &lt; 0.001) was observed between the energy dose of sonication and the decrease of E. coli. The results showed that sonication can be a useful tool as a supplementary method to reduce the number of microorganism in egg products. With near-infrared (NIR) spectra analysis we were able to detect the structural changes of the egg samples, due to ultrasonic treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that sonication can alter C\u2013H, C\u2013N, \u2013OH and N\u2013H bonds in egg. The aquagrams showed that sonication can alter the properties of H2O structure in egg products. The observed data showed that the absorbance of free water (1412 nm), water molecules with one (1440 nm), two (1462 nm), three (1472 nm) and four (1488 nm) hydrogen bonds, water solvation shell (1452 nm) and strongly bonded water (1512 nm) of the egg samples have been changed during ultrasonic treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T23:03:42Z","timestamp":1610319822000},"page":"398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Determining Sonication Effect on E. coli in Liquid Egg, Egg Yolk and Albumen and Inspecting Structural Property Changes by Near-Infrared Spectra"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Nagy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istv\u00e1n University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5445-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jozsef","family":"Felfoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istv\u00e1n University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Taczmanne Bruckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istv\u00e1n University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Csilla","family":"Mohacsi-Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istv\u00e1n University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1577-2973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsanett","family":"Bodor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istv\u00e1n University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Istvan","family":"Kertesz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istv\u00e1n University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Csaba","family":"Nemeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capriovus Kft., 2317 Szigetcs\u00e9p, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Viktoria","family":"Zsom-Muha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istv\u00e1n University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12464","article-title":"Modifying the Functional Properties of Egg Proteins Using Novel Processing Techniques: A Review","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr. 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