{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:23:42Z","timestamp":1784042622034,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0420202070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0420202070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acquiring gait parameters from usual walking is important to predict clinical outcomes including life expectancy, risk of fall, and neurocognitive performance in older people. We developed a novel gait analysis tool that is small, less-intrusive and is based on two-dimensional light detection and ranging (2D-LiDAR) technology. Using an object-tracking algorithm, we conducted a validation study of the spatiotemporal tracking of ankle locations of young, healthy participants (n = 4) by comparing our tool and a stereo camera with the motion capture system as a gold standard modality. We also assessed parameters including step length, step width, cadence, and gait speed. The 2D-LiDAR system showed a much better accuracy than that of a stereo camera system, where mean absolute errors were 46.2 \u00b1 17.8 mm and 116.3 \u00b1 69.6 mm, respectively. Gait parameters from the 2D-LiDAR system were in good agreement with those from the motion capture system (r = 0.955 for step length, r = 0.911 for cadence). Simultaneous tracking of multiple targets by the 2D-LiDAR system was also demonstrated. The novel system might be useful in space and resource constrained clinical practice for older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T23:03:42Z","timestamp":1610319822000},"page":"414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Development and Validation of 2D-LiDAR-Based Gait Analysis Instrument and Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Seongjun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dyphi Research Institute, Dyphi Inc., Daejeon 34068, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2583-3354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee-Won","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heeyoune","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Gyeonggi-do 12564, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keewon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk-Koo","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Gyeonggi-do 12564, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunchul","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dyphi Research Institute, Dyphi Inc., Daejeon 34068, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9353-7541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung-Mo","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Gyeonggi-do 12564, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Bahat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15975","article-title":"Use of Functional Assessment to Define Therapeutic Goals and Treatment","volume":"67","author":"High","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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