{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T19:47:49Z","timestamp":1775159269127,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute ischemic stroke is characterized by dynamic changes in metabolism and hemodynamics, which can affect brain temperature. We used proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy under everyday clinical settings to measure brain temperature in seven patients with internal carotid artery occlusion to explore the relationship between lesion temperature and clinical course. Regions of interest were selected in the infarct area and the corresponding contralateral region. Single-voxel MR spectroscopy was performed using the following parameters: 2000-ms repetition time, 144-ms echo time, and 128 excitations. Brain temperature was calculated from the chemical shift between water and N-acetyl aspartate, choline-containing compounds, or creatine phosphate. Within 48 h of onset, compared with the contralateral region temperature, brain temperature in the ischemic lesion was lower in five patients and higher in two patients. Severe brain swelling occurred subsequently in three of the five patients with lower lesion temperatures, but in neither of the two patients with higher lesion temperatures. The use of proton MR spectroscopy to measure brain temperature in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion may predict brain swelling and subsequent motor deficits, allowing for more effective early surgical intervention. Moreover, our methodology allows for MR spectroscopy to be used in everyday clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T20:11:31Z","timestamp":1610482291000},"page":"490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Brain Temperature Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Predict Clinical Outcome in Patients with Infarction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Tomohisa","family":"Ishida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, 2-11-12 Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8520, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0582-0908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, 2-11-12 Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8520, Japan"}]},{"given":"Tomoo","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, 2-11-12 Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8520, Japan"}]},{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, 4-20-1 Nagamachiminami, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0012, Japan"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Fujimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, 4-20-1 Nagamachiminami, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0012, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9282-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuniyasu","family":"Niizuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1472-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidenori","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan"}]},{"given":"Teiji","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1987.127","article-title":"Small differences in intraischemic brain temperature critically determine the extent of ischemic neuronal injury","volume":"7","author":"Busto","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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