{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:43:52Z","timestamp":1760233432171,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project\u00a0of China","award":["2019YFB2204001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFB2204001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a novel gold film-coated V-shape dual-core photonic crystal fiber (V-DC-PCF) polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on surface plasmon resonance effect is proposed. The coupling lengths of the X-polarization (X-pol) and Y-polarization (Y-pol) and the corresponding coupling length ratio of the proposed V-DC-PCF PBS without gold film and with gold film are compared. The fiber structure parameters and thickness of the gold film are optimized through investigating their effects on the coupling lengths and coupling length ratio. As the propagation length increases, the normalized output powers of the X-pol and Y-pol of the proposed V-DC-PCF PBS at the three wavelengths 1.610, 1.631, and 1.650 \u03bcm are demonstrated. The relationships between the extinction ratio (ER), insertion loss (IL) and wavelength for the three splitting lengths (SLs) 188, 185, and 182 \u03bcm are investigated. Finally, it is demonstrated that for the proposed V-DC-PCF PBS, the optimal SL is 188 \u03bcm, the ILs of the X-pol and Y-pol are less than 0.22 dB, and the splitting bandwidth (SB) can cover the E + S + C + L + U band. The proposed V-DC-PCF PBS has the ultra-short SL, ultra-wide SB, and ultra-low IL, so it is expected to have important applications in the laser, sensing, and dense wavelength division multiplexing systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T20:11:31Z","timestamp":1610482291000},"page":"496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Novel Gold Film-Coated V-Shape Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Polarization Beam Splitter Covering the E + S + C + L + U Band"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science &amp; Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science &amp; Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Centre, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2901-7434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Test (Ministry of Education), Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China"}]},{"given":"Kuiru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}]},{"given":"Xinzhu","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}]},{"given":"Keping","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Convergence Networks and Ubiquitous Services, University of Science &amp; Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Chongxiu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.21.001547","article-title":"All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding","volume":"21","author":"Knight","year":"1996","journal-title":"Opt. 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