{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:27:08Z","timestamp":1768004828052,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["759159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["759159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004097","name":"ARC Foundation for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ELIOS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ELIOS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents the potential of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to monitor the thermal outcome of laser ablation therapy used for minimally invasive tumor removal. Our main goal is the establishment of indicators of the thermal damage of living tissues, which can be used to assess the effect of the procedure. These indicators rely on the spectral variation of temperature-dependent tissue chromophores, i.e., oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and water. Laser treatment was performed at specific temperature thresholds (from 60 to 110 \u00b0C) on in-vivo animal liver and was assessed with a hyperspectral camera (500\u2013995 nm) during and after the treatment. The indicators were extracted from the hyperspectral images after the following processing steps: the breathing motion compensation and the spectral and spatial filtering, the selection of spectral bands corresponding to specific tissue chromophores, and the analysis of the areas under the curves for each spectral band. Results show that properly combining spectral information related to deoxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, lipids, and water allows for the segmenting of different zones of the laser-induced thermal damage. This preliminary investigation provides indicators for describing the thermal state of the liver, which can be employed in the future as clinical endpoints of the procedure outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T03:34:25Z","timestamp":1611113665000},"page":"643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Hyperspectral Imagery for Assessing Laser-Induced Thermal State Change in Liver"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1778-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"De Landro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5579-5926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Esp\u00edritu Garc\u00eda-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8241-6442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Barberio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Ospedale Card. G. Panico, 73039 Tricase, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5664-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Felli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9554-6492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Agnus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Pizzicannella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Diana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU-Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Research Institute against Cancer of the Digestive System IRCAD, 67091 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"ICube Laboratory, Photonics Instrumentation for Health, 67400 Strasbourg, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3320-9030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Zappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4236-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Saccomandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v6.i10.704","article-title":"Laser ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma: State of the art and future perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Francica","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. 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