{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T08:50:10Z","timestamp":1772614210244,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31801256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31801256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Synergistic Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology","award":["4091600007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4091600007"]}]},{"name":"Key R &amp; D Program of Zhejiang Province, China","award":["2020C02002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020C02002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional (3D) structure is an important morphological trait of plants for describing their growth and biotic\/abiotic stress responses. Various methods have been developed for obtaining 3D plant data, but the data quality and equipment costs are the main factors limiting their development. Here, we propose a method to improve the quality of 3D plant data using the time-of-flight (TOF) camera Kinect V2. A K-dimension (k-d) tree was applied to spatial topological relationships for searching points. Background noise points were then removed with a minimum oriented bounding box (MOBB) with a pass-through filter, while outliers and flying pixel points were removed based on viewpoints and surface normals. After being smoothed with the bilateral filter, the 3D plant data were registered and meshed. We adjusted the mesh patches to eliminate layered points. The results showed that the patches were closer. The average distance between the patches was 1.88 \u00d7 10\u22123 m, and the average angle was 17.64\u00b0, which were 54.97% and 48.33% of those values before optimization. The proposed method performed better in reducing noise and the local layered-points phenomenon, and it could help to more accurately determine 3D structure parameters from point clouds and mesh models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T03:34:25Z","timestamp":1611113665000},"page":"664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Optimization of 3D Point Clouds of Oilseed Rape Plants Based on Time-of-Flight Cameras"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6752-1757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Cen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-050312-120137","article-title":"Future Scenarios for Plant Phenotyping","volume":"64","author":"Fiorani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. 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