{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:43:44Z","timestamp":1770273824042,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wearable sensors are nowadays largely employed to assess physiological signals derived from the human body without representing a burden in terms of obtrusiveness. One of the most intriguing fields of application for such systems include the assessment of physiological responses to sensory stimuli. In this specific regard, it is not yet known which are the main psychophysiological drivers of olfactory-related pleasantness, as the current literature has demonstrated the relationship between odor familiarity and odor valence, but has not clarified the consequentiality between the two domains. Here, we enrolled a group of university students to whom olfactory training lasting 3 months was administered. Thanks to the analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) and galvanic skin response (GSR) signals at the beginning and at the end of the training period, we observed different autonomic responses, with higher parasympathetically-mediated response at the end of the period with respect to the first evaluation. This possibly suggests that an increased familiarity to the proposed stimuli would lead to a higher tendency towards relaxation. Such results could suggest potential applications to other domains, including personalized treatments based on odors and foods in neuropsychiatric and eating disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T12:28:31Z","timestamp":1611577711000},"page":"770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Wearable Sensors for Assessing the Role of Olfactory Training on the Autonomic Response to Olfactory Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8335-5541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Tonacci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5487-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Billeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5969-763X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Di Mambro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6603-6984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Marangoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, National Resarch Council of Italy (IBF-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7559-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Sanmartin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7844-3253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Venturi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"NexFood Srl, 57121 Livorno, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.08.002","article-title":"From Architecture to Evolution: Multisensory Evidence of Decentralized Emotion","volume":"24","author":"Kryklywy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. 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