{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T12:36:10Z","timestamp":1771331770543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71631006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71631006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71921001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71921001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72071193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72071193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The number of patients with cardiovascular diseases is rapidly increasing in the world. The workload of existing clinicians is consequently increasing. However, the number of cardiovascular clinicians is declining. In this paper, we aim to design a mobile and automatic system to improve the abilities of patients\u2019 cardiovascular health management while also reducing clinicians\u2019 workload. Our system includes both hardware and cloud software devices based on recent advances in Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. A small hardware device was designed to collect high-quality Electrocardiogram (ECG) data from the human body. A novel deep-learning-based cloud service was developed and deployed to achieve automatic and accurate cardiovascular disease detection. Twenty types of diagnostic items including sinus rhythm, tachyarrhythmia, and bradyarrhythmia are supported. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our system. Our hardware device can guarantee high-quality ECG data by removing high-\/low-frequency distortion and reverse lead detection with 0.9011 Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC\u2013AUC) score. Our deep-learning-based cloud service supports 20 types of diagnostic items, 17 of them have more than 0.98 ROC\u2013AUC score. For a real world application, the system has been used by around 20,000 users in twenty provinces throughout China. As a consequence, using this service, we could achieve both active and passive health management through a lightweight mobile application on the WeChat Mini Program platform. We believe that it can have a broader impact on cardiovascular health management in the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T12:28:31Z","timestamp":1611577711000},"page":"773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Artificial-Intelligence-Enhanced Mobile System for Cardiovascular Health Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zhaoji","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"HeartVoice Medical Technology, Hefei 230027, China"}]},{"given":"Shenda","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Data Science at Peking University, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Technology, Health Science Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Shaofu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Summary of the 2018 Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China","volume":"34","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. 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