{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:07:22Z","timestamp":1783004842120,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004358","name":"Samsung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SRFC-TC2003-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRFC-TC2003-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004358","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescent proteins (FPs) allow for the real-time monitoring of molecular dynamics in space and time, which are crucial for the proper functioning and regulation of complex cellular processes. Depending on the types of molecular events to be monitored, different sensing strategies need to be applied for the best design of FP-based biosensors. Here, we review genetically encoded biosensors based on FPs with various sensing strategies, for example, translocation, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), reconstitution of split FP, pH sensitivity, maturation speed, and so on. We introduce general principles of each sensing strategy and discuss critical factors to be considered if available, then provide representative examples of these FP-based biosensors. These will help in designing the best sensing strategy for the successful development of new genetically encoded biosensors based on FPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T12:28:31Z","timestamp":1611577711000},"page":"795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Genetically Encoded Biosensors Based on Fluorescent Proteins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hyunbin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Bio-Medical Science &amp; Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeongmin","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Bio-Medical Science &amp; Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae Nim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeyeon","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihye","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Bio-Medical Science &amp; Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1030590302","article-title":"Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, Aequorea","volume":"59","author":"Shimomura","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. 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