{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T09:59:01Z","timestamp":1776851941400,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent study points to the value of a non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) biomarker using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA a1) for aerobic threshold determination (HRVT). Significance of recording artefact, correction methods and device bias on DFA a1 during exercise and HRVT is unclear. Gas exchange and HRV data were obtained from 17 participants during an incremental treadmill run using both ECG and Polar H7 as recording devices. First, artefacts were randomly placed in the ECG time series to equal 1, 3 and 6% missed beats with correction by Kubios software\u2019s automatic and medium threshold method. Based on linear regression, Bland Altman analysis and Wilcoxon paired testing, there was bias present with increasing artefact quantity. Regardless of artefact correction method, 1 to 3% missed beat artefact introduced small but discernible bias in raw DFA a1 measurements. At 6% artefact using medium correction, proportional bias was found (maximum 19%). Despite this bias, the mean HRVT determination was within 1 bpm across all artefact levels and correction modalities. Second, the HRVT ascertained from synchronous ECG vs. Polar H7 recordings did show an average bias of minus 4 bpm. Polar H7 results suggest that device related bias is possible but in the reverse direction as artefact related bias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T08:29:16Z","timestamp":1611649756000},"page":"821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Influence of Artefact Correction and Recording Device Type on the Practical Application of a Non-Linear Heart Rate Variability Biomarker for Aerobic Threshold Determination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8458-4709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32827-7408, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5590-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lattice Training Ltd., Chesterfield S41 9AT, UK"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Draper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, College of Education, Health and Human Development, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9486-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Mourot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA3920 Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies, Exercise Performance Health Innovation (EPHI) Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9, 25000 Besan\u00e7on, France"},{"name":"Division for Physical Education, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, 634050 Tomsk Oblast, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5610-6013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Gronwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jelinek, H., Khandoker, A., and Cornforth, D. 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