{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T16:09:08Z","timestamp":1772726948489,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002573","name":"Yonsei University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Yonsei university research grant of 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Yonsei university research grant of 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, a strain gauge sensor based on a change of contact or network structure between conductive materials was implemented using the handle-machine embroidery technique, and the variables (embroidery shape, embroidery distance, embroidery size, and implementation location) affecting its performance were studied. As a result of Experiment I on the structure of embroidery suitable for joint motion monitoring, the embroidery distance, rather than the embroidery size, was found to have a significant effect on the electric resistance changes caused by elongation. Based on the results of Experiment I, two types of zigzag embroideries, four types of embroideries with few contact points, and two types of embroideries with more contact points (all with short distances (2.0)) were selected for Experiment II (the dummy motion experiment). As a result of the dummy motion experiment, it was found that the locations of the suitable embroidered sensors for joint motion monitoring was the HJP (Hinge Joint Position) in the \u2018types without a contact point\u2019 (zigzag) and the LHJP (Lower Hinge Joint Position) in the \u2018types with more contact points\u2019. On the other hand, although there was no consistency among the \u2018types with few contact points\u2019, the resistance changes measured by the 2CP and 7CP embroidered sensors showed similar figures and patterns, and the HJP location was most suitable. The resistance changes measured by the 4CP and 6CP embroidered sensors exhibited no consistent patterns, but the LHJP locations were more suitable. These results indicate that the location of the HJP is suitable for measuring joint motion in the \u2018type without a contact point\u2019, and the location of the LHJP is suitable for measuring joint motion when the number of contact points exceeds a certain limit. Among them, the average resistance change of the 9CP sensor located at the LHJP was 40 \u2126 with the smallest standard deviation of less than 1, and it is thus considered to have the best performance among all the sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T05:16:28Z","timestamp":1612156588000},"page":"949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Machine Embroidered Sensors for Limb Joint Movement-Monitoring Smart Clothing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Su Youn","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clothing &amp;Textiles, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea"}]},{"given":"Joo-Hyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clothing &amp;Textiles, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8291","DOI":"10.3390\/s100908291","article-title":"A Flexible Strain Sensor Based on a Conductive Polymer Composite for in situ Measurement of Parachute Canopy Deformation","volume":"10","author":"Cochrane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, H.S., Yang, J.H., Lee, J.H., and Lee, J.H. 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