{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T14:23:18Z","timestamp":1763389398987,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRC2018\/053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRC2018\/053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>End-to-end reliability for Wireless Sensor Network communications is usually provided by upper stack layers. Furthermore, most of the studies have been related to star, mesh, and tree topologies. However, they rarely consider the requirements of the multi-hop linear wireless sensor networks, with thousands of nodes, which are universally used for monitoring applications. Therefore, they are characterized by long delays and high energy consumption. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient link level routing algorithm that provides end-to-end reliability into multi-hop wireless sensor networks with a linear structure. The algorithm uses implicit acknowledgement to provide reliability and connectivity with energy efficiency, low latency, and fault tolerance in linear wireless sensor networks. The proposal is validated through tests with real hardware. The energy consumption and the delay are also mathematically modeled and analyzed. The test results show that our algorithm decreases the energy consumption and minimizes the delays when compared with other proposals that also apply the explicit knowledge technique and routing protocols with explicit confirmations, maintaining the same characteristics in terms of reliability and connectivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T11:40:48Z","timestamp":1612179648000},"page":"968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Reliable Link Level Routing Algorithm in Pipeline Monitoring Using Implicit Acknowledgements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3540-9768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Egas","family":"Acosta.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GI-IoE Internet of Every Things Research Group, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito E11-253, Ecuador"},{"name":"atlanTTic Research Center for Telecommunication Technologies, Universidade de Vigo, Information Technologies Group, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5164-0855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Gil-Casti\u00f1eira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"atlanTTic Research Center for Telecommunication Technologies, Universidade de Vigo, Information Technologies Group, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Costa-Montenegro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"atlanTTic Research Center for Telecommunication Technologies, Universidade de Vigo, Information Technologies Group, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge S\u00e1","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, INESC Coimbra, University of Coimbra, P-3030 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kocakulak, M., and Butun, I. 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