{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T13:56:03Z","timestamp":1780754163665,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["721455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["721455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a new damage index named degree of health (DoH) to efficiently tackle structural damage monitoring in real-time. As a key contribution, the proposed index relies on a pattern matching methodology that measures the time-of-flight mismatch of sequential ultrasonic guided-wave measurements using fuzzy logic fundamentals. The ultrasonic signals are generated using the transmission beamforming technique with a phased-array of piezoelectric transducers. The acquisition is carried out by two phased-arrays to compare the influence of pulse-echo and pitch-catch modes in the damage assessment. The proposed monitoring approach is illustrated in a fatigue test of an aluminum sheet with an initial notch. As an additional novelty, the proposed pattern matching methodology uses the data stemming from the transmission beamforming technique for structural health monitoring. The results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed framework in providing a qualitative and quantitative assessment for fatigue crack damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T13:01:12Z","timestamp":1612270872000},"page":"993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Structural Health Monitoring Using Ultrasonic Guided-Waves and the Degree of Health Index"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6235-5304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Cantero-Chinchilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4429-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Aranguren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Design Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Royo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Techonological Institute of Arag\u00f3n (ITAINNOVA), Mar\u00eda de Luna 8, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4577-9380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Chiach\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Mechanics &amp; Hydraulics Engineering, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Andalusian Research Institute of Data Science &amp; Computational Intelligence, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2375-4564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu","family":"Etxaniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Design Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7985-6412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Calvo-Echenique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Techonological Institute of Arag\u00f3n (ITAINNOVA), Mar\u00eda de Luna 8, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Callister, W.D., and Rethwisch, D.G. 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