{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:16:01Z","timestamp":1769724961586,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Scientific Board of the Discipline of Automatics, Electronics and Electrical Engineering at the Warsaw University of Technology","award":["Opracowanie rodziny czujnik\u00f3w wielko\u015bci geometrycznych"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Opracowanie rodziny czujnik\u00f3w wielko\u015bci geometrycznych"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A review of various kinds of solid tilts sensors, using a free mechanical member for generation of electric-contact (mostly a ball), is presented. Standard and original solutions are discussed. The latest patents are described. A classification of the existing solutions with respect to their sensing principle is proposed. Possible types of the electric\/electronic circuits are discussed. Advantages of these sensors are emphasized: mainly optional operation without power supply, resistance to electrostatic discharges, and simplicity of signal processing. Technological details are briefly introduced, along with miniaturization prospects. Additionally, liquid tilt sensors are succinctly characterized. The most typical tilt sensing techniques are concisely compared.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T08:33:48Z","timestamp":1612514028000},"page":"1097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Electric-Contact Tilt Sensors: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2351-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergiusz","family":"\u0141uczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Ekwi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wolfe, J., Kluender, K., and Levi, D. 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