{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T20:52:37Z","timestamp":1781902357562,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immersive virtual reality techniques have been applied to the rehabilitation of patients after stroke, but evidence of its clinical effectiveness is scarce. The present review aims to find studies that evaluate the effects of immersive virtual reality (VR) therapies intended for motor function rehabilitation compared to conventional rehabilitation in people after stroke and make recommendations for future studies. Data from different databases were searched from inception until October 2020. Studies that investigated the effects of immersive VR interventions on post-stroke adult subjects via a head-mounted display (HMD) were included. These studies included a control group that received conventional therapy or another non-immersive VR intervention. The studies reported statistical data for the groups involved in at least the posttest as well as relevant outcomes measuring functional or motor recovery of either lower or upper limbs. Most of the studies found significant improvements in some outcomes after the intervention in favor of the virtual rehabilitation group. Although evidence is limited, immersive VR therapies constitute an interesting tool to improve motor learning when used in conjunction with traditional rehabilitation therapies, providing a non-pharmacological therapeutic pathway for people after stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T08:33:48Z","timestamp":1612514028000},"page":"1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Head-Mounted Display-Based Therapies for Adults Post-Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9408-1280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Palacios-Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neville","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"},{"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2005.8.241","article-title":"Virtual Reality in Brain Damage Rehabilitation: Review","volume":"8","author":"Rose","year":"2005","journal-title":"CyberPsychology Behav."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2005.8.187","article-title":"Virtual Environments for Motor Rehabilitation: Review","volume":"8","author":"Holden","year":"2005","journal-title":"CyberPsychology Behav."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/187965","article-title":"Seven Capital Devices for the Future of Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":"2012","author":"Iosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke Res. 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