{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T14:09:20Z","timestamp":1768831760864,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of dry, ultra-conformable and unperceivable temporary tattoo electrodes (TTEs), based on the ink-jet printing of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) on top of commercially available temporary tattoo paper, has gained increasing attention as a new and promising technology for electrophysiological recordings on skin. In this work, we present a TTEs epidermal sensor for real time monitoring of respiration through transthoracic impedance measurements, exploiting a new design, based on the application of soft screen printed Ag ink and magnetic interlink, that guarantees a repositionable, long-term stable and robust interconnection of TTEs with external \u201cdocking\u201d devices. The efficiency of the TTE and the proposed interconnection strategy under stretching (up to 10%) and over time (up to 96 h) has been verified on a dedicated experimental setup and on humans, fulfilling the proposed specific application of transthoracic impedance measurements. The proposed approach makes this technology suitable for large-scale production and suitable not only for the specific use case presented, but also for real time monitoring of different bio-electric signals, as demonstrated through specific proof of concept demonstrators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T04:33:46Z","timestamp":1612931626000},"page":"1197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Toward the Use of Temporary Tattoo Electrodes for Impedancemetric Respiration Monitoring and Other Electrophysiological Recordings on Skin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Taccola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Future Manufacturing Processes Research Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}]},{"given":"Aliria","family":"Poliziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Excellence in Robotics &amp; AI, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libert\u00e0, 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Santonocito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Application Department, MED-EL Elektromedizinische Ger\u00e4te Gesellschaft m.b.H., F\u00fcrstenweg 77a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Mondini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Denk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Application Department, MED-EL Elektromedizinische Ger\u00e4te Gesellschaft m.b.H., F\u00fcrstenweg 77a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}]},{"given":"Alessandro Noriaki","family":"Ide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Application Department, MED-EL Elektromedizinische Ger\u00e4te Gesellschaft m.b.H., F\u00fcrstenweg 77a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Oberparleiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Application Department, MED-EL Elektromedizinische Ger\u00e4te Gesellschaft m.b.H., F\u00fcrstenweg 77a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2899-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4715-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virgilio","family":"Mattoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206157","article-title":"Epidermal electronics","volume":"333","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201302240","article-title":"25th anniversary article: The evolution of electronic skin (e-skin): A brief history, design considerations, and recent progress","volume":"25","author":"Hammock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. 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