{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:47:54Z","timestamp":1760233674809,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0019013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0019013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R01 CA238191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 CA238191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fluorescence properties of a molecule can be used to study the structural and functional nature of biological processes. Physical properties, including fluorescence lifetime, emission spectrum, emission polarization, and others, help researchers probe a molecule, produce desired effects, and infer causes and consequences. Correlative imaging techniques such as hyperdimensional imaging microscopy (HDIM) combine the physical properties and biochemical states of a fluorophore. Here we present a fiber-based imaging system that can generate hyper-dimensional contrast by combining multiple fluorescence properties into a single fluorescence lifetime decay curve. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) with controlled excitation polarization and temporally dispersed emission can generate a spectrally coded, polarization-filtered lifetime distribution for a pixel. This HDIM scheme generates a better contrast between different molecules than that from individual techniques. This setup uses only a single detector and is simpler to implement, modular, cost-efficient, and adaptable to any existing FLIM microscope. We present higher contrast data from Arabidopsis thaliana epidermal cells based on intrinsic anthocyanin emission properties under multiphoton excitation. This work lays the foundation for an alternative hyperdimensional imaging system and demonstrates that contrast-based imaging is useful to study cellular heterogeneity in biological samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T04:33:46Z","timestamp":1612931626000},"page":"1201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hyperdimensional Imaging Contrast Using an Optical Fiber"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jenu V.","family":"Chacko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0429-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han Nim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"},{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisa S.","family":"Otegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"},{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8678-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin W.","family":"Eliceiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"},{"name":"Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2019.04.015","article-title":"Enhancing Biochemical Resolution by Hyperdimensional Imaging Microscopy","volume":"116","author":"Esposito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biophys. 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