{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T18:45:32Z","timestamp":1773341132906,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Enel-Endesa","award":["GRID Flexibility & Resilience Project (number P020-19\/E24)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRID Flexibility & Resilience Project (number P020-19\/E24)"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades, Government of Spain","award":["Project \"Bigdata Analitycs e Instrumentaci\u00f3n Cyberf\u00edsica para Soporte de Operaciones de Distribuci\u00f3n en la Smart Grid\u201d, number RTI2018-094917-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project \"Bigdata Analitycs e Instrumentaci\u00f3n Cyberf\u00edsica para Soporte de Operaciones de Distribuci\u00f3n en la Smart Grid\u201d, number RTI2018-094917-B-I00"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n y Formaci\u00f3n Profesional, Government of Spain","award":["Formaci\u00f3n de Profesorado Universitario (FPU), Grant Number FPU16\/03522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Formaci\u00f3n de Profesorado Universitario (FPU), Grant Number FPU16\/03522"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, the presence of renewable generation systems and mobile loads (i.e., electric vehicle) spread throughout the distribution network is increasing. The problem is that this type of system introduces an added difficulty since they present a strong dependence on the meteorology and the mobility needs of the users. This problem forces the distribution system operators to seek tools that make it possible to balance the relationship between consumption and generation. In this sense, automated demand response systems are an appropriate solution that allow the operator to request specific reductions in customers\u2019 consumption, offering a discount to the customer and avoiding network congestion. This paper analyzes the implementation and architecture of a demand response solution based on OpenADR standard and its possible integration with a building management system through a use case. As will be analyzed, a key part of the architecture is the measurement system based on smart meters acting as sensors. This is the base of the auditing system which makes it possible to verify compliance with the consumption reduction agreements. Additionally, this study is completed with a parallel auditing system which makes it possible to verify compliance with the consumption reduction agreements. All of the proposed demand response cycle is implemented as a proof of concept in a classroom in the Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior at the University of Seville, which makes it possible to identify the advantages of this architecture in the ambit of connection between distribution network and buildings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T04:33:46Z","timestamp":1612931626000},"page":"1204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["OpenADR and Agreement Audit Architecture for a Complete Cycle of a Flexibility Solution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8998-1591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Parejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Technology, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2820-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Technology, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3287-3300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Personal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Technology, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-9267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Ignacio","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Technology, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Technology, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0043-8104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Technology, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jup.2017.09.011","article-title":"Coordination between transmission and distribution system operators in the electricity sector: A conceptual framework","volume":"50","author":"Gerard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Util. 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