{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T05:00:18Z","timestamp":1778043618780,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Important Product Traceability Engineering Technology Research Center","award":["\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\/"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducive to the change in the wind power industry management model and is beneficial to the green design of products. Nowadays, none of the LCA systems are for wind turbines and the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) in LCA is quite a new idea. In this paper, a four-layer LCA platform of wind turbines based on IoT architecture is designed and discussed. In the data transmission layer, intelligent sensing of wind turbines can be achieved and their status and location can be monitored. In the data transmission layer, the LCA platform can be effectively integrated with enterprise information systems through the object name service (ONS) and directory service (DS). In the platform layer, a model based on IMPACT 2002+ is developed, and four management modules are designed. In the application layer, different from other systems, energy payback time (EPBT) is selected as an important evaluation index for wind turbines. Compared with the existing LCA systems, the proposed system is specifically for wind turbines and can collect data in real-time, leading to improved accuracy and response time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T04:33:46Z","timestamp":1612931626000},"page":"1233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["An IoT-Based Life Cycle Assessment Platform of Wind Turbines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jinjing","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Project Management Department, Wuxi Institute of Fudan University, Wuxi 214131, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8546-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuo","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaojie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lirong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1002\/we.1974","article-title":"Technological evolution of onshore wind turbines\u2014A market-based analysis","volume":"19","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012028","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1102\/1\/012028","article-title":"Is the future development of wind energy compromised by the availability of raw materials?","volume":"1102","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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