{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:48:11Z","timestamp":1760233691702,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M3A9E2065282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M3A9E2065282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Whole-directional scanning methodology is required to observe distinctive features of an entire physical structure with a three dimensional (3D) visualization. However, the implementation of whole-directional scanning is challenging for conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT), which scans a limited portion of the sample by utilizing unidirectional and bidirectional scanning methods. Therefore, in this paper an integrated quad-scanner (QS) strategy-based OCT method was implemented to obtain the whole-directional volumetry of a sample by employing four scanning arms installed around the sample. The simultaneous and sequential image acquisition capabilities are the conceptual key points of the proposed QS-OCT method, and were implemented using four precisely aligned scanning arms and applied in a complementary way according to the experimental criteria. To assess the feasibility of obtaining whole-directional morphological structures, a roll of Scotch tape, an ex vivo mouse heart, and kidney specimens were imaged and independently obtained tissue images at different directions were delicately merged to compose the 3D volume data set. The results revealed the potential merits of QS-OCT-based whole-directional imaging, which can be a favorable inspection method for various discoveries that require the dynamic coordinates of the whole physical structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T18:45:00Z","timestamp":1613155500000},"page":"1305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Integrated Quad-Scanner Strategy-Based Optical Coherence Tomography for the Whole-Directional Volumetric Imaging of a Sample"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8129-4455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sm Abu","family":"Saleah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3477-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daewoon","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9440-2478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangyeob","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruchire Eranga","family":"Wijesinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Mechanical Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana, Homagama 10200, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3712-5304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naresh Kumar","family":"Ravichandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mansik","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeehyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21751","article-title":"Whole-body imaging at 7T: Preliminary results","volume":"61","author":"Vaughan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magn. 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