{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T23:07:02Z","timestamp":1778195222157,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STRATEGMED 2\/266299\/19\/NCBR\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STRATEGMED 2\/266299\/19\/NCBR\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a fall risk assessment approach based on a fast mobility test, automatically evaluated using a low-cost, scalable system for the recording and analysis of body movement. This mobility test has never before been investigated as a sole source of data for fall risk assessment. It can be performed in a very limited space and needs only minimal additional equipment, yet provides large amounts of information, as the presented system can obtain much more data than traditional observation by capturing minute details regarding body movement. The readings are provided wirelessly by one to seven low-cost micro-electro-mechanical inertial measurement units attached to the subject\u2019s body segments. Combined with a body model, these allow segment rotations and translations to be computed and for body movements to be recreated in software. The subject can then be automatically classified by an artificial neural network based on selected values in the test, and those with an elevated risk of falls can be identified. Results obtained from a group of 40 subjects of various ages, both healthy volunteers and patients with vestibular system impairment, are presented to demonstrate the combined capabilities of the test and system. Labelling of subjects as fallers and non-fallers was performed using an objective and precise sensory organization test; it is an important novelty as this approach to subject labelling has never before been used in the design and evaluation of fall risk assessment systems. The findings show a true-positive ratio of 85% and true-negative ratio of 63% for classifying subjects as fallers or non-fallers using the introduced fast mobility test, which are noticeably better than those obtained for the long-established Timed Up and Go test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T05:54:49Z","timestamp":1613282089000},"page":"1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Fully Automatic Fall Risk Assessment Based on a Fast Mobility Test"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Tylman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0776-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Kotas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Kami\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6400-0104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Marciniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9505-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0610-1182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Napieralski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Sakowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Janc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology and Phoniatrics Clinic, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"J\u00f3zefowicz-Korczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Balance Disorders Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2516-3327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Zamys\u0142owska-Szmytke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology and Phoniatrics Clinic, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","article-title":"The timed Up & Go: A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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