{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T06:39:31Z","timestamp":1772606371615,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2017YFB0405501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0405501"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61805050, 61965009, 61827819, 61964005, 61705050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61805050, 61965009, 61827819, 61964005, 61705050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangxi Project","award":["2018GXNSFBA281148, 2019GXNSFBA245057, AD18281062, GD18102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018GXNSFBA281148, 2019GXNSFBA245057, AD18281062, GD18102"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Project of GUET Graduate Education","award":["2020YCXS096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YCXS096"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An enhanced plastic optical fiber (POF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed by employing a double-sided polished structure. The sensor is fabricated by polishing two sides of the POF symmetrically along with the fiber axis, and a layer of Au film is deposited on each side of the polished region. The SPR can be excited on both polished surfaces with Au film coating, and the number of light reflections will be increased by using this structure. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed sensor has an enhanced SPR effect. The visibility and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of spectrum can be improved for the high measured refractive index (RI). A sensitivity of 4284.8 nm\/RIU is obtained for the double-sided POF-based SPR sensor when the measured liquid RI is 1.42. The proposed SPR sensor is easy fabrication and low cost, which can provide a larger measurement range and action area to the measured samples, and it has potential application prospects in the oil industry and biochemical sensing fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T20:42:51Z","timestamp":1614026571000},"page":"1516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["An Enhanced Plastic Optical Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with a Double-Sided Polished Structure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Lian","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0299-0955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongchang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanxin","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068107d","article-title":"Surface plasmon resonance sensors for detection of chemical and biological species","volume":"108","author":"Homola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-8411-6","article-title":"Review of plasmonic fiber optic biochemical sensors: Improving the limit of detection","volume":"407","author":"Caucheteur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2007.897946","article-title":"Fiber-optic sensors based on surface plasmon resonance: A comprehensive review","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allsop, T., and Neal, R. (2019). A review: Evolution and diversity of optical fibre plasmonic sensors. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19224874"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prado, A.R., D\u00edaz, C.A.R., Lyra Nunes, L.G., Oliveira, J.P., Guimar\u00e3es, M.C.C., Leal-Junior, A., Ribeiro, M.R.N., and Pontes, M.J. (2021). Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Optical Fiber Sensors for H2S In Situ detection. Plasmonics, in press.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-020-01346-w"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4005(93)80021-3","article-title":"A fiber-optic chemical sensor based on surface plasmon resonance","volume":"12","author":"Jorgenson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.09.066","article-title":"Surface plasmon resonance in the visible region in sensors based on tapered optical fibers","volume":"190","author":"Navarrete","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, H., Hou, D., Luan, N., Bai, Z., Song, L., Liu, J., and Hu, Y. (2020). Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Dual-Side Polished Microstructured Optical Fiber with Dual-Core. Sensers, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20143911"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.30.002218","article-title":"Tapered fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor for analyses of vapor and liquid phases","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2004.04.007","article-title":"Hetero-core structured fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor with silver film","volume":"101","author":"Iga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3350","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2018.2875961","article-title":"Highly sensitive SPR biosensor based on graphene oxide and staphylococcal protein a Co-modified TFBG for human IgG detection","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7168","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2915274","article-title":"Design and performance perspectives on fiber optic sensors with plasmonic nanostructures and gratings: A review","volume":"19","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8167","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.53.008167","article-title":"Effect of constructional parameters on the performance of a surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a multimode polymer optical fiber","volume":"53","author":"Gasior","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2019.03.078","article-title":"A D-type fiber based symmetrical long-range surface plasmon resonance sensor with high quality factor","volume":"140","author":"Jing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8499","DOI":"10.3390\/s150408499","article-title":"Monitoring of Low Levels of Furfural in Power Transformer Oil with a Sensor System Based on a POF-MIP Platform","volume":"15","author":"Cennamo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7663","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2603168","article-title":"Markers Detection in Transformer Oil by Plasmonic Chemical Sensor System Based on POF and MIPs","volume":"16","author":"Cennamo","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4822","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2549271","article-title":"SPR Sensor Platform Based on a Novel Metal Bilayer Applied on D\u2013Shaped Plastic Optical Fibers for Refractive Index Measurements in the Range 1.38\u20131.42","volume":"16","author":"Cennamo","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11752","DOI":"10.3390\/s111211752","article-title":"Low Cost Sensors Based on SPR in a Plastic Optical Fiber for Biosensor Implementation","volume":"11","author":"Cennamo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3390\/s130100721","article-title":"Performance comparison of two sensors based on surface plasmon resonance in a plastic optical fiber","volume":"13","author":"Cennamo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2016.04.064","article-title":"Refractive index sensor based on SPR in symmetrically etched plastic optical fibers","volume":"246","author":"Noor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator A Phys."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-017-0535-z","article-title":"Gold sputtered U-bent plastic optical fiber probes as SPR- and LSPR-based compact plasmonic sensors","volume":"13","author":"Christopher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5665","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2908418","article-title":"Refractive Index Sensing Based on a Side-Polished Macrobend Plastic Optical Fiber Combining Surface Plasmon Resonance and Macrobending Loss","volume":"19","author":"Jing","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arcas, A., Dutra, F., Allil, R., and Werneck, M. (2018). Surface plasmon resonance and bending loss-based U-shaped plastic optical fiber biosensors. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020648"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.003988","article-title":"Highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on a low-index polymer optical fiber","volume":"26","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2020.2967864","article-title":"Measurement of MIPs Responses Deposited on Two SPR-POF Sensors Realized by Different Photoresist Buffer Layers","volume":"69","author":"Cennamo","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Magnetic Field Sensor Based on SPR-POF Platforms and Ferrofluids","volume":"70","author":"Cennamo","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2017.2745018","article-title":"Plasmonic sensing in D-shaped POFs with fluorescent optical fibers as light sources","volume":"67","author":"Cennamo","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195402","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ab08c1","article-title":"Sensitive and selective surface plasmon resonance sensor employing a gold-supported graphene composite film\/D-shaped fiber for dopamine detection","volume":"52","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6306","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2450991","article-title":"Modal Filtering for Optimized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing in Multimode Plastic Optical Fibers","volume":"15","author":"Cennamo","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cennamo, N., Arcadio, F., Minardo, A., Montemurro, D., and Zeni, L. (2020). Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Sensors Based on Lab-Built Tapered Plastic Optical Fibers. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10124389"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4245","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2963853","article-title":"The Influence of Structural Parameters on the Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Side-Polished Macrobending Plastic Optical Fiber","volume":"20","author":"Teng","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"093111","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2721779","article-title":"On the performance of different bimetallic combinations in surface plasmon resonance based fiber optic sensors","volume":"101","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4808","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2019.2921302","article-title":"SPR Fiber Tip Sensor for the Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index, Temperature, and Level of a Liquid","volume":"37","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Lightw. Technol."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/4\/1516\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:27:54Z","timestamp":1760160474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/4\/1516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s21041516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21041516","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]}}}