{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:25:44Z","timestamp":1769905544185,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cooperation Project of Guizhou Education Department","award":["KY [2021] 297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KY [2021] 297"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51965008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51965008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Science Project of Guizhou","award":["ZNWLQC[2019]3012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZNWLQC[2019]3012"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund of Chinese Central Government Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development","award":["[2016] 4006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2016] 4006"]}]},{"name":"Ph.D. Research Project of Guizhou Normal University","award":["GZNUD [2019] 22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZNUD [2019] 22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper addresses the problem of nonlinear height tracking control of an automobile active air suspension with the output state constraints and time-varying disturbances. The proposed control strategy guarantees that the ride height stays within a predefined range, and converges closely to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the desired height, ensuring uniform ultimate boundedness. The designed nonlinear observer is able to compensate for the time-varying disturbances caused by external random road excitation and perturbations, achieving robust performance. Simulation results obtained from the co-simulation (AMESim-Matlab\/Simulink) are given and analyzed, demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed control methodology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T20:19:36Z","timestamp":1614111576000},"page":"1539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Nonlinear Ride Height Control of Active Air Suspension System with Output Constraints and Time-Varying Disturbances"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5912-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongchen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guizhou 550001, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4984-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8981-3651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China"}]},{"given":"Pak Kin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/00423114.2010.532223","article-title":"Editors\u2019 perspectives: Road vehicle suspension design, dynamics, and control","volume":"49","author":"Cao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veh. 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