{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:49:44Z","timestamp":1760233784557,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010418","name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-0-00528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-0-00528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, a multi-mode radar transceiver supporting pulse, FMCW and CW modes was designed as an integrated circuit. The radars mainly detect the targets move by using the Doppler frequency which is significantly affected by flicker noise of the receiver from several Hz to several kHz. Due to this flicker noise, the long-range detection performance of the radars is greatly reduced, and the accuracy of range to the target and velocity is also deteriorated. Therefore, we propose a transmitter that suppresses LO leakage in consideration of long-range detection, target distance, velocity, and noise figure. We also propose a receiver structure that suppresses DC offset due to image signal and LO leakage. The design was conducted with TSMC 65 nm CMOS process, and the designed and fabricated circuit consumes a current of 265 mA at 1.2 V supply voltage. The proposed transmitter confirms the LO leakage suppression of 37 dB at 24 GHz. The proposed receiver improves the noise figure by about 20 dB at 100 Hz by applying a double conversion architecture and an image rejection, and it illustrates a DC rejection of 30 dB. Afterwards, the operation of the pulse, FMCW, and CW modes of the designed radar in integrated circuit was confirmed through experiment using a test PCB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T02:36:13Z","timestamp":1614220573000},"page":"1563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["RF Transceiver for the Multi-Mode Radar Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jae Kwon","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang Kyun","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Seop","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ho Jin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ha Neul","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0833-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Choon Sik","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanders, D., Bingham, S., Menon, G., Crockett, D., Tor, J., Mende, R., Behrens, M., Jain, N., and Alexanian, A. 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