{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T21:05:34Z","timestamp":1775077534766,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ICT Consilience Creative program","award":["IITP-2020-2011-1-00783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2020-2011-1-00783"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A2C2010484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A2C2010484"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1D1A1A02085904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1D1A1A02085904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a back-to-back (BTB) structured, dual-mode ultrasonic device that incorporates a single-element 5.3 MHz transducer for high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment and a single-element 20.0 MHz transducer for high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound image-guided surgical systems have been developed for lesion monitoring to ensure that ultrasonic treatment is correctly administered at the right locations. In this study, we developed a dual-element transducer composed of two elements that share the same housing but work independently with a BTB structure, enabling a mode change between therapy and imaging via 180-degree mechanical rotation. The optic fibers were embedded in the HIFU focal region of ex vivo chicken breasts and the temperature change was measured. Images were obtained in vivo mice before and after treatment and compared to identify the treated region. We successfully acquired B-mode and C-scan images that display the hyperechoic region indicating coagulation necrosis in the HIFU-treated volume up to a depth of 10 mm. The compact BTB dual-mode ultrasonic transducer may be used for subcutaneous thermal ablation and monitoring, minimally invasive surgery, and other clinical applications, all with ultrasound only.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T02:36:13Z","timestamp":1614220573000},"page":"1580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Thermal Ablation and High-Resolution Imaging Using a Back-to-Back (BTB) Dual-Mode Ultrasonic Transducer: In Vivo Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4182-7130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hae Gyun","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3241-3638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunhee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"}]},{"given":"Kyungmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3366-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeongwoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"}]},{"given":"Yeonggeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jinhee","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"}]},{"given":"Dasom","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8848-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinhwan","family":"Baik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8359-8110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Min","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6353-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung Ham","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2004.01.011","article-title":"Extracorporeal high intensity focused ultrasound ablation in the treatment of 1038 patients with solid carcinomas in China: An overview","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrason. 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