{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:40:01Z","timestamp":1779295201105,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005417","name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG Vot. No. 08G79"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG Vot. No. 08G79"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005417","name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDRU Vot. No. 05E21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDRU Vot. No. 05E21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic","award":["DKRVO RP\/CPS\/2020\/006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DKRVO RP\/CPS\/2020\/006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetoactive (MA) foam, with its tunable mechanical properties and magnetostriction, has the potential to be used for the development of soft sensor technology. However, researchers have found that its mechanical properties and magnetostriction are morphologically dependent, thereby limiting its capabilities for dexterous manipulation. Thus, in this work, MA foam was developed with additional capabilities for controlling its magnetostriction, normal force, storage modulus, shear stress and torque by manipulating the concentration of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) and the magnetic field with regard to morphological changes. MA foams were prepared with three weight percentages of CIPs, namely, 35 wt.%, 55 wt.% and 75 wt.%, and three different modes, namely, zero shear, constant shear and various shears. The results showed that the MA foam with 75 wt.% of CIPs enhanced the normal force sensitivity and positive magnetostriction sensitivity by up to 97% and 85%, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivities of the storage modulus, torque and shear stress were 8.97 Pa\/mT, 0.021 \u00b5N\/mT, and 0.0096 Pa\/mT, respectively. Meanwhile, the magnetic dipolar interaction between the CIPs was capable of changing the property of MA foam from a positive to a negative magnetostriction under various shear strains with a low loss of energy. Therefore, it is believed that this kind of highly sensitive MA foam can potentially be implemented in future soft sensor systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T20:43:32Z","timestamp":1614545012000},"page":"1660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Sensitivities of Rheological Properties of Magnetoactive Foam for Soft Sensor Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8324-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rizuan","family":"Norhaniza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0096-8877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saiful Amri","family":"Mazlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia"},{"name":"International Center, Tokyo City University, 1 Chrome-28-1 Tamazutmi, Setagaya, Tokyo 1580087, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7190-5849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ubaidillah","family":"Ubaidillah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3918-5084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Sedlacik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zl\u00edn, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zl\u00edn, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4889-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siti Aishah Abdul","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4757-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurhazimah","family":"Nazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Homma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center, Tokyo City University, 1 Chrome-28-1 Tamazutmi, Setagaya, Tokyo 1580087, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuib","family":"Rambat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center, Tokyo City University, 1 Chrome-28-1 Tamazutmi, Setagaya, Tokyo 1580087, Japan"},{"name":"Disaster Preparedness &amp; Prevention Centre (DPPC), Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2018.01.038","article-title":"Exploring the potential of magnetorheology in robotic grippers","volume":"76","author":"Cramer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800541","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201800541","article-title":"Toward Perceptive Soft Robots: Progress and Challenges","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. 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