{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T03:03:23Z","timestamp":1771988603681,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC0400202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0400202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbon-based nanomaterials with carboxylation or chemical modification are widely used as electron-ion exchangers of solid electrodes. For reducing the complexity and dangerousness of the intermediate layer preparation, different original carbon-based nanomaterials are dispersed in deionized water. They are applied in the fabrication of Pb2+-selective electrodes. Because the contact angle of graphene reached 132.5\u00b0, the Pb2+-selective electrode of graphene used as an electron-ion exchanger showed excellent performance with a low detection limit of 3.4 \u00d7 10\u22128 M and a fast average response time of 42.6 s. The Nernstian response slope could reach 26.8 mV\/decade, and the lifetime lasted for a month. Therefore, graphene suspension without any treatment can be used as the intermediate layer of solid-state electrodes, providing a reference for the preparation of other ion-selective electrodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T20:43:32Z","timestamp":1614545012000},"page":"1663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Performance Comparison of Solid Lead Ion Electrodes with Different Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Electron-Ion Exchangers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4069-1275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5820-8734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengying","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denglong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/12269328.1998.10541128","article-title":"Heavy Metal Contamination in the Vicinity of Some Base-Metal Mines in Korea; a Review","volume":"1","author":"Chon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geosyst. 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