{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T01:07:15Z","timestamp":1768352835178,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41961059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41961059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the acquisition of very high resolution (VHR) images becomes easier, the complex characteristics of VHR images pose new challenges to traditional machine learning semantic segmentation methods. As an excellent convolutional neural network (CNN) structure, U-Net does not require manual intervention, and its high-precision features are widely used in image interpretation. However, as an end-to-end fully convolutional network, U-Net has not explored enough information from the full scale, and there is still room for improvement. In this study, we constructed an effective network module: residual module under a multisensory field (RMMF) to extract multiscale features of target and an attention mechanism to optimize feature information. RMMF uses parallel convolutional layers to learn features of different scales in the network and adds shortcut connections between stacked layers to construct residual blocks, combining low-level detailed information with high-level semantic information. RMMF is universal and extensible. The convolutional layer in the U-Net network is replaced with RMMF to improve the network structure. Additionally, the multiscale convolutional network was tested using RMMF on the Gaofen-2 data set and Potsdam data sets. Experiments show that compared to other technologies, this method has better performance in airborne and spaceborne images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:39:07Z","timestamp":1614904747000},"page":"1794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Multi-U-Net: Residual Module under Multisensory Field and Attention Mechanism Based Optimized U-Net for VHR Image Semantic Segmentation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Si","family":"Ran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modeling of Autonomous Region Universities, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianli","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modeling of Autonomous Region Universities, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bohua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modeling of Autonomous Region Universities, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7855-6525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modeling of Autonomous Region Universities, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guolin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modeling of Autonomous Region Universities, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/2150704X.2015.1101502","article-title":"A study of a Gaussian mixture model for urban land-cover mapping based on VHR remote sensing imagery","volume":"37","author":"Tao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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