{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T13:21:27Z","timestamp":1771852887882,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This research was funded by FLAG- ERA_JTC2016, Project CONVERGENCE\u201d FRICTIONLESS ENERGY EFFICIENT CONVERGENT WEARABLES  FOR HEALTHCARE AND LIFESTYLE APPLICATION\u201d;  Micro-nanotechnologies for monitoring of greenhouse gases \u201cTECH4GREEN\u201d, PNIII202019 Project","award":["PNIII202019, FLAG- ERA_JTC2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNIII202019, FLAG- ERA_JTC2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Developing a sensing layer with high electroactive properties is an important aspect for proper functionality of a wearable sensor. The polymeric nanocomposite material obtained by a simple electropolymerization on gold interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) can be optimized to have suitable conductive properties to be used with direct current (DC) measurements. A new layer based on polyaniline:poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI:PSS)\/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)\/ferrocene (Fc) was electrosynthesized and deposed on interdigital transducers (IDT) and was characterized in detail using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The sensor characteristics of the material towards carbon monoxide (CO) in the concentration range of 10\u2013300 ppm were examined, showing a minimal relative humidity interference of only 1% and an increase of sensitivity with the increase of CO concentration. Humidity interference could be controlled by the number of CV cycles when a compact layer was formed and the addition of Fc played an important role in the decrease of humidity. The results for CO detection can be substantially improved by optimizing the number of deposition cycles and enhancing the Fc concentration. The material was developed for selective detection of CO in real environmental conditions and shows good potential for use in a wearable sensor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T05:03:15Z","timestamp":1614920595000},"page":"1801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A New Hybrid Sensitive PANI\/SWCNT\/Ferrocene-Based Layer for a Wearable CO Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2239-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaela","family":"Savin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0540-2132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen-Marinela","family":"Mihailescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Viorel","family":"Avramescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Silviu","family":"Dinulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-3371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Firtat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Craciun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Costin","family":"Brasoveanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Pachiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Cosmin","family":"Romanitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Andreea-Bianca","family":"Serban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School in Engineering and Applications of Lasers and Accelerators, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), \u2018Horia Hulubei\u2019 National R&amp;D Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 M\u0103gurele, Romania"}]},{"given":"Alina Catrinel","family":"Ion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Moldovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street 126A, 077190 Bucharest, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8451","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA00198K","article-title":"A highly sensitive wireless nitrogen dioxide gas sensor based on an organic conductive nanocomposite paste","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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